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Signs and Symptoms of Child Abuse
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If you suspect child abuse, but aren't sure, look for clusters of the following physical and behavioral signs.
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Some signs of physical abuse
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-Unexplained burns, cuts, bruises, or welts in the shape of an object or in various stages of healing
-Improbable excuses or refusal to explain injuries
-Wearing clothes to cover injuries, even in hot weather
-Refusal to undress for gym
-Bald patches
-Chronic running away
-Fear of medical help or examination
-Fear of physical contact - shrinking back if touched
-Admitting that they are punished, but the punishment is excessive (such as a child being beaten every night to 'make him study')
-Fear of suspected abuser being contacted
-Bite marks
-Anti-social behavior or agression
-Problems in school
-Fear of adults
-Drug or alcohol abuse
-Self-destructive or suicidal behavior
-Depression or poor self-image
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Some signs of emotional abuse
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-Physical, mental and emotional development lags
-Sudden speech disorders
-Continual self-depreciation ('I'm stupid, ugly, worthless, etc')
-Overreaction to mistakes
-Extreme fear of any new situation
-Inappropriate response to pain ('I deserve this')
-Neurotic behaviour (rocking, hair twisting, self-mutilation)
-Extremes of passivity or aggression
-Apathy
-Depression
-Hostility
-Lack of concentration
-Eating disorders
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Some signs of sexual abuse
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-Inappropriate interest in or knowledge of sexual acts
-Seductiveness
-Avoidance of things related to sexuality, or rejection of own genitals or bodies
-Nightmares and bedwetting
-Drastic changes in appetite
-Overcompliance or excessive aggression
-Fear of a particular person or family member
-Withdrawal, secretiveness, or depression
-Suicidal behavior
-Eating disorders, sudden loss of appetite or compulsive eating
-Self-injury
-Medical problems such as chronic itching, pain in the genitals, venereal diseases
-Running away
-Drug or alcohol abuse
-Personality changes such as becoming insecure or clinging
-Regressing to younger behaviour patterns such as thumb sucking or bringing out discarded cuddly toys
-Inability to concentrate
-Lack of trust or fear of someone they know well, such as not wanting to be alone with a babysitter or child minder
-Become worried about clothing being removed
-Suddenly drawing sexually explicit pictures
-Trying to be 'ultra-good' or perfect; overreacting to criticism
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Sometimes there are no obvious physical signs of sexual abuse, and a physician must examine the child to confirm the abuse.
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Some signs of neglect
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-Unsuitable clothing for weather
-Being dirty or unbathed, poor personal hygiene
-Extreme hunger
-Apparent lack of supervision
-Constant tiredness
-Emaciation
-Untreated medical problems
-No social relationships
-Compulsive scavenging
-Destructive tendencies
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Note: A child may be subjected to a combination of different kinds of abuse.
It is also possible that a child may show no outward signs and hide what is happening from everyone
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